提高機器視覺係統性能的6大因素

　　著zhe全quan球qiu製zhi造zao業ye行xing業ye市shi場chang的de競jing爭zheng日ri趨qu激ji烈lie，公gong司si企qi業ye需xu保bao障zhang以yi最zui大da效xiao率lv運yun營ying變bian得de非fei常chang重zhong要yao的de。由you於yu全quan過guo程cheng有you關guan問wen題ti導dao致zhi的de停ting機ji時shi間jian被bei視shi為wei是shi非fei增zeng值zhi停ting機ji時shi間jian，嚴yan重zhong影ying響xiang企qi業ye的de獲huo利li能neng力li。機ji器qi視shi覺jiao可ke以yi說shuo是shi前qian沿yan領ling域yu
，如ru果guo設she定ding合he理li，能neng夠gou減jian少shao全quan過guo程cheng效xiao率lv不bu高gao。一yi切qie采cai用yong機ji器qi視shi覺jiao係xi統tong作zuo為wei機ji器qi人ren係xi統tong引yin導dao或huo檢jian測ce的de設she施shi都dou應ying該gai重zhong視shi這zhe個ge領ling域yu，以yi尋xun求qiu潛qian在zai的de改gai善shan。在zai機ji器qi視shi覺jiao係xi統tong中zhong要yao是shi沒mei有you合he理li的de設she定ding，可ke能neng會hui致zhi使shi機ji器qi視shi覺jiao係xi統tong全quan過guo程cheng停ting機ji，下xia麵mian就jiu是shi特te別bie應ying注zhu意yi提ti升sheng的de十shi個ge方fang麵mian：

　　1)照明燈具工藝-恰當的照明燈具工藝應當用來點亮必須檢測的範圍。背光、亮場、掠射、低di角jiao度du線xian性xing陣zhen列lie和he暗an場chang等deng光guang照zhao技ji術shu是shi機ji器qi視shi覺jiao係xi統tong魯lu棒bang性xing最zui重zhong要yao的de方fang麵mian。依yi據ju零ling部bu件jian表biao麵mian光guang潔jie度du和he輪lun廓kuo，恰qia當dang的de照zhao明ming燈deng具ju工gong藝yi可ke以yi提ti高gao缺que陷xian或huo去qu除chu圖tu像xiang噪zao聲sheng，提ti升sheng係xi統tong的de效xiao率lv和he可ke靠kao性xing。這zhe麼me做zuo的de目mu的de是shi為wei了le選xuan擇ze一yi個ge能neng夠gou產chan生sheng最zui大da對dui比bi度du(從黑色到白色像素)的光照工藝。此外
，對比度需要和正在測量或檢測的內容緊密相關。

　　2)照明燈具顏色-yingzhuyimeiyigezhidingbufenhuoyunyongsuoshiyongdedengguangyanse。pinlvshimeimiaozhendangdecishu
，erbochangshibozaitongyigeweizhishangliangdianzhijiandejuli。meizhongbutongdeziwaixian
、藍、綠、黃
、紅

、hongwaiguangpudoushibuyiyangdezhaomingdengjupinlvhebochang。zhexiexianxianghuiyingxiangdaowutihexiangjidebiaomianzaiguangxianjinrushidefanying。zhuyaomudeshiyunyongnenggouchanshengzuidaduibiduhejiejuetuxiangzhongzaoshengdeguangpinlv。liru，jinshulingjianyoushinenggoubeijiarudaoyigexitongzhong，gaixitongfugaizhebobodeyouhuobiaomianqingweiyanghua，zhuyaoqujueyutamenshizenyangcunchude。dangzheliangzhongleixingdelingbujiandoubeijiarujianzhaxitongshi，caiyongguangdepinlvlaijianshaobodongliangshishifenzhongyaode。

　　3)采cai用yong濾lv光guang片pian濾lv光guang片pian，解jie決jue背bei景jing和he架jia空kong照zhao明ming燈deng具ju噪zao聲sheng等deng嚴yan重zhong的de環huan境jing幹gan擾rao。借jie助zhu簡jian單dan地di在zai相xiang機ji鏡jing頭tou上shang擺bai放fang一yi個ge與yu點dian亮liang該gai部bu件jian的de光guang的de頻pin率lv相xiang匹pi配pei的de濾lv波bo器qi
，可ke以yi解jie決jue環huan境jing照zhao明ming燈deng具ju幹gan擾rao。

　　4)鏡頭-視場(FOV)和感興趣區域(ROI)，baokuosuoxudexiangsujingdu，qizhehendadezuoyong。qiadangdejiaojujingtoujiangyingxiangjiqishijiaoxitongsuonengkandaodefanweidedaxiao

，bingzuihoujuedingsuoshoujidesuoyouxinxi。jisuantaidadeFOV可能造成較少的細節和準確性，而計算過小FOV可能造成檢查不成功，由於部分或對象在攝像機的視線之外。在計算FOV時，更重要的是在決定哪個焦距鏡頭比較適合運用前，先了解零部件或物體的最大ROI和he該gai區qu域yu的de最zui大da可ke接jie受shou誤wu差cha。有you時shi這zhe些xie原yuan因yin也ye許xu會hui受shou到dao相xiang機ji到dao物wu體ti的de工gong作zuo距ju離li或huo高gao度du條tiao件jian的de限xian製zhi
，所suo以yi在zai構gou建jian係xi統tong前qian應ying該gai考kao慮lv所suo有you這zhe些xie因yin素su。

　　5)定位——更geng重zhong要yao的de是shi要yao了le解jie部bu件jian或huo應ying用yong程cheng序xu的de公gong差cha太tai寬kuan，禁jin止zhi對dui部bu件jian進jin行xing重zhong複fu檢jian測ce。當dang一yi個ge部bu件jian移yi出chu相xiang機ji視shi野ye時shi，會hui造zao成cheng係xi統tong不bu穩wen定ding。應ying當dang采cai用yong某mou種zhong類lei型xing的de物wu理li夾jia具ju來lai限xian定ding物wu體ti或huo 部(bu)分(fen)的(de)運(yun)動(dong)。如(ru)果(guo)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)移(yi)出(chu)相(xiang)機(ji)視(shi)圖(tu)，就(jiu)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)，增(zeng)加(jia)不(bu)必(bi)要(yao)的(de)停(ting)機(ji)時(shi)間(jian)。通(tong)過(guo)提(ti)供(gong)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)大(da)概(gai)位(wei)置(zhi)
，能(neng)夠(gou)清(qing)除(chu)這(zhe)種(zhong)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)

，保(bao)證(zheng)零(ling)件(jian)總(zong)能(neng)重(zhong)複(fu)呈(cheng)現(xian)在(zai)機(ji)器(qi)視(shi)覺(jiao)係(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)。

　　6)校正-具有母版工裝夾具或校正程序，可對係統配置進行適當校正
，以確保符合設備的產品質量標準。

　　7)特征和基準——為了能準確地檢測圖像，基準——在每次檢測中出現的唯一特征——能夠在檢查時用作機器視覺係統工具的參考點，或者用於檢測源圖像存不存在正確的部分。

　　8)像素-像素決定了機器視覺係統的可重複性;tarongxujiangxiangsudedaxiaolianghuaweiceliangzhi。querenxitongdexiangsuhenzhongyao
，youyuqijuedinglejiancedezhunquexinghekezhongfuxing。youqishizaizhiliangceliangjiancehejiqirenyindaofangmianyinggaikaolvdejiejuefangan。yixieruanjiankeyitigaofenbianlv
，jingdukeyidadaoyaxiangsu。

　　9)穩定性——在(zai)設(she)定(ding)機(ji)器(qi)視(shi)覺(jiao)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)時(shi)，最(zui)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)保(bao)護(hu)攝(she)像(xiang)係(xi)統(tong)和(he)燈(deng)光(guang)不(bu)會(hui)受(shou)到(dao)移(yi)動(dong)的(de)幹(gan)擾(rao)。這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)是(shi)係(xi)統(tong)軟(ruan)件(jian)校(xiao)正(zheng)的(de)目(mu)標(biao)。為(wei)了(le)能(neng)盡(jin)量(liang)避(bi)免(mian)移(yi)動(dong)或(huo)幹(gan)擾(rao)，明(ming)智(zhi)的(de)做(zuo)法(fa)是(shi)將(jiang)攝(she)像(xiang)機(ji)和(he)照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)震(zhen)動(dong)小(xiao)或(huo)沒(mei)有(you)震(zhen)動(dong)和(he)幹(gan)擾(rao)的(de)地(di)方(fang)。

　　10)測試——定(ding)期(qi)對(dui)係(xi)統(tong)配(pei)置(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)查(zha)，確(que)認(ren)缺(que)陷(xian)部(bu)件(jian)是(shi)否(fou)被(bei)係(xi)統(tong)軟(ruan)件(jian)捕(bu)捉(zhuo)和(he)拒(ju)絕(jue)。能(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)係(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)直(zhi)接(jie)建(jian)立(li)一(yi)個(ge)測(ce)試(shi)過(guo)程(cheng)，以(yi)優(you)化(hua)該(gai)過(guo)程(cheng)。有(you)瑕(xia)疵(ci)的(de)測(ce)試(shi)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)能(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)任(ren)何(he)時(shi)候(hou)放(fang)置(zhi)到(dao)係(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，以(yi)驗(yan)證(zheng)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)適(shi)當(dang)功(gong)能(neng)。